Operators in python | What types of operators in python and how to use it | Python Operators
Operators In Python
An operator is a symbol that operates on a value or a variable.
For example + is an operator to perform addition. Python has a wide range of operators to perform variously. Python language is
rich in built-in operators and provides the following types of
operators.
- Arithmetic Operators
- Relational Operators
- Assignment Operators
- Logical Operators
- Bitwise Operators
- Membership Operators
- Identity Operators
Arithmetic Operators
An arithmetic operator performs mathematical operations such
as addition, subtraction, and multiplication on numerical values
Assume variable A holds 10 and variable B holds 5 then.
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| + | Adds two operands. | A + B = 15 |
| - | Subtracts the second operand from the first. | A − B = 5 |
| * | Multiplies both operands. | A * B = 50 |
| / | Modulus Operator and the remainder of after an integer division. | A / B =2 |
| % | Modulus Operator and the remainder of after an integer division. | A % B = 0 |
| **(Exponent) | It is an exponent operator represented as it calculates the first operand power to the second operand. | A**B=10**5=100000 |
| //(Floor division) | It gives the floor value of the quotient produced by dividing the two operands. | A//B=10//5=2 |
Example:
a=10
b=5
print("Addition=",(a+b))
print("Substraction=",(a-b))
print("Multiplication=",(a*b))
print("Division=",(a/b))
print("Exponent=",(a**b))
print("Floor division=",(a//b))
Output:
Addition= 15
Substraction= 5
Multiplication= 50
Division= 2.0
Exponent= 100000
Floor division= 2
Relational Operators
A relational operator checks the relationship between two
operands. If the relation is true, it returns 1 or true, if the relation is
false, it returns value 0 or false Assume variable A holds 10 and
variable B holds 5 then.
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| == | Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not. If yes, then the condition becomes true. | (A == B) is not true. |
| != | Checks if the values of two operands are equal or not. If the values are not equal, then the condition becomes true. | (A != B) is true |
| > | Checks if the value of the left operand is greater than the value of the right operand. If yes, then the condition becomes true. | (A > B) is true. |
| < | Checks if the value of the left operand is less than the value of right operand. If yes, then the condition becomes true. | (A < B) is not true. |
| >= | Checks if the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the value of right operand. If yes, then the condition becomes true. | (A >= B) is true. |
| <= | Checks if the value of left operand is less than or equal to the value of right operand. If yes, then the condition becomes true. | (A <= B) is not true. |
Example:
a=10
b=5
print(a==b)
print(a!=b)
print(a>b)
print(a<b)
print(a>=b)
print(a<=b)
Output:
False
True
True
False
True
False
Assignment Operators
An assignment operator is used for assigning a value to a variable.
The most common assignment operator is =.
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| = | Simple assignment operator. Assigns values from right side operands to left side operand | C = A + B will assign the value of A + B to C |
| += | Add AND assignment operator. It adds the right operand to the left operand and assign the result to the left operand. | C += A is equivalent to C = C + A |
| -= | Subtract AND assignment operator. It subtracts the right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand. | C -= A is equivalent to C = C - A |
| *= | Multiply AND assignment operator. It multiplies the right operand with the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand. | C *= A is equivalent to C = C * A |
| /= | Divide AND assignment operator. It divides the left operand with the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand. | C /= A is equivalent to C = C / A |
| %= | Modulus AND assignment operator. It takes modulus using two operands and assigns the result to the left operand. | C %= A is equivalent to C = C % A |
| **= Exponent AND | Performs exponential (power) calculation on operators and assign value to the left operand | c **= a is equivalent to c = c ** a |
| //= Floor Division | It performs floor division on operators and assign value to the left operand | c //= a is equivalent to c = c // a |
Example:
a = 10
b = 5
c = 0
c = a + b
print ("c=a+b=", c)
c += a
print ("c=c+a=", c)
c *= a
print ("c=c*a=", c)
c /= a
print ("c=c/a=", c)
c %= a
print ("c=c%a=", c)
c=2
c **= a
print ("c=c**a=", c)
c //= a
print ("c=c//a=", c)
Output:
c=a+b= 15
c=c+a= 25
c=c*a= 250
c=c/a= 25.0
c=c%a= 5.0
c=c**a= 1024
c=c//a= 102
Logical Operators
The logical operators are used primarily in the expression
evaluation to make a decision. Python supports the following
logical operators.
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| and Logical AND | If both the operands are true then the condition becomes true. | (a and b) is true. |
| or Logical OR | If any of the two operands are non-zero then condition becomes true. | (a or b) is true. |
| not Logical NOT | Used to reverse the logical state of its operand. | Not(a and b) is false. |
Bitwise Operators
The bitwise operators perform bit by bit operation on the
values of the two operands.
| Operator | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| & | Binary AND Operator copies a bit to the result if it exists in both operands. | (A & B) |
| | | Binary OR Operator copies a bit if it exists in either operand. | (A | B) |
| ^ | Binary XOR Operator copies the bit if it is set in one operand but not both. | (A ^ B) |
| ~ | Binary Ones Complement Operator is unary and has the effect of 'flipping' bits. | (~A ) |
| << | Binary Left Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved left by the number of bits specified by the right operand. | A << 2 |
| >> | Binary Right Shift Operator. The left operands value is moved right by the number of bits specified by the right operand. | A >> 2 |
Membership Operators
Python membership operators are used to check the
membership of value inside a data structure. If the value is present
in the data structure, then the resulting value is true otherwise it
returns false.
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| in | The result of this operation becomes True if it finds a value in a specified sequence & False otherwise. |
| not in | result of this operation becomes True if it doesn't find a value in a specified sequence & False otherwise. |
Example:
a = 10
b = 5
l = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ];
if ( a in l ):
print ("true")
else:
print ("false")
if ( a not in l ):
print ("true")
else:
print ("false")
if ( b in l ):
print ("true")
else:
print ("false")
Output:
false
true
true
Identity Operators
Identity operators compare the memory locations of two objects.
| Operator | Description |
|---|---|
| is | It is evaluated to be true if the reference present at both sides point to the same object. |
| is not | It is evaluated to be true if the reference present at both side do not point to the same object. |
Example:
a = 10
b = 5
if ( a is b ):
print ("true")
else:
print ("false")
if ( a is not b ):
print ("true")
else:
print ("false")
Output:
false
true